University of Ammonium Chloride; Ammonium Chloride Manufacturers

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Mubychem Group, established in 1976, is the pioneer manufacturer of Zinc Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Thiosulphate or Sodium Thiosulfate and various other chemicals in India. Mubychem Group has manufacturing facilities spread across Western India.

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Ammonium Chloride Manufacturers; Salammoniac

Ammonium Chloride is made in our Automatic Vacuum Evaporated Plant. Grades offered are as under:

Particulars	Pure Grade Non-Caking
Appearance (NH4Cl)	White Crystalline Powder
Assay (NH4Clon Dry Basis)	99% min
Moisture	1% max
pH of 5% solution	4 to 6
Iron	25 ppm max
Matter Insoluble in water	0.01% max
Sulphate	0.1% max
Packing	In 50 Kg HDPE bag with HMHDPE liner or as required by the buyer.

We also offer, Ammonium Chloride BP IP, Ammonium Chloride USP or Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques

INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IP GRADE (NH4Cl)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT – 53.49

DESCRIPTION	COLOURLESS CRYSTALS OR WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER.

SOLUBILITY	FREELY SOLUBLE IN WATER; SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN ETHANOL (95%).

STANDARD	NH4Cl CONTENT NOT LESS THAN 99.0% AND NOT MORE THAN 100.5% OF NH4Cl CALCULATED WITH REFERENCE TO THE DRIED SUBSTANCE.

IDENTIFICATION	A 10% w/w SOLUTION GIVES THE REACTIONS OF AMMONIUM SALTS AND OF CHLORIDES.

CLARITY AND	A 10% w/w SOLUTION IS CLEAR & COLOURLESS.
COLOUR OF SOLN.

pH	BETWEEN 4.5 AND 6.0, DETERMINED IN A 5.0 W/V SOLUTION.

ARSENIC	NOT MORE THAN 4 PARTS PER MILLION.

HEAVY METALS	NOT MORE THAN 10 PARTS PER MILLION.

MAGNESIUM &	NOT MORE THAN 1%.
ALKALI SALTS

IRON	NOT MORE THAN 20 PARTS PER MILLION.

SULPHATE	NOT MORE THAN 150 PARTS PER MILLION.

SULPHATED ASH	NOT MORE THAN 0.1%.

CALCIUM	NOT MORE THAN 200 PARTS PER MILLION.

THIOCYANATE	TO PASS THE TEST.

LOSS ON DRYING	NOT MORE THAN 1%, DETERMINED ON 1 GM BY DRYING IN AN OVEN AT 105C.

Particulars	BP Specification	Our Typical Product
Dry Basis Assay	99-100.5%	99.9%
Characteristics	Colourless Crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless	White, crystalline powder; odourless
Solubility	Soluble in 2.7 parts of water	Soluble in 2.7 parts of water
Identification	Yields the reactions characteristic of ammonium salts and of chlorides
Acidity or alkalinity	To conform to specified test	Passes test
Clarity and Colour of Solution	Clear & colourless solution (10% w/v)	Clear & colourless solution (10% w/v)
Calcium	200 ppm	30 ppm
Heavy Metals	10 ppm	Nil
Iron	20 ppm	5 ppm
Bromide and iodide	To conform to specified test	Passes test
Sulphate	150 ppm	20 ppm
Loss on Drying	1%	0.05%
Sulphated Ash	0.1%	0.009%

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) Bars or Bricks or Blocks and Tablets & Pellets also Sal Ammoniac, Salmiac, Salmiak, Nushadir Salt, Navsagar, Zalmiak, Sal Armagnac, Sal Armoniac, Salmiakki, Salamaka, Salmiak and Salt Armoniack

NH4Cl (also Sal Ammoniac, Salmiac, Salmiak, Nushadir Salt, Navsagar, Navsar, Nausagar, Nausar, Zalmiak, Sal Armagnac, Sal Armoniac, Salmiakki, Salamaka, Salmiak and Salt Armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt of ammonia. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic. Sal ammoniac is a name of natural, mineralogical form of Ammonium chloride.

In nature, the substance occurs in volcanic regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents. The crystals deposit directly from the gaseous state, and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water.

It is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia (NH3) with hydrogen chloride (HCl):

Ammonium chloride is also available as a bye-product of Soda Ash Plant and some other chemical processes.

It sublimes readily but this process involves dissociation into ammonia and hydrochloric acid followed by reforming of the compound.

Zinc ammonium chloride is commonly known as flux, and is used for galvanizing steel. It is 60% ammonium chloride and 40% zinc chloride in it.

Ammonium chloride is sold in blocks ( bars or briquettes ) at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron and can also be included in solder as flux. A principal use of ammonium chloride has been as a fluxing agent for hot dip galvanizing of steel and in the refining of zinc. It provides fluxing action by reacting with molten zinc to form a stable melt containing zinc chloride and ammonium chloride.

Ammonium chloride is used as it is or in compound fertilizer. It has higher concentration of Nitrogen than ammonium sulphate. Nitrification is less rapid than in urea or ammonium sulphate and this means N losses are lower. Although it is better known as rice fertilizer, it has been tested and used on other crops like wheat, barley, sugarcane, maize, fiber crops etc. Of particular note is the use of this fertilizer on palms; increasing the yield of Copra per tree.

Other uses of Ammonium chloride include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritating action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. It is also used in an oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis.

Ammonium chloride is used in snow treatment, namely on ski slopes at temperatures above 0 °C, to harden the snow and slow its melting.

In several countries Ammonium chloride is used to spice up liquorices-type dark candies (Finland's Salmiakki, Sweden's Lakrisal, the Netherlands' Zoute drop and the Danish Dracula Piller are popular examples), and as a flavouring for vodkas.

Other uses of Ammonium chloride include electrolyte for plating baths and/or batteries; fertilizer, personal care product formulations, pharmaceuticals etc.

Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant, diuretic and systemic acidifying agent. It is used in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders or in forced acid diuresis.

Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and may induce nausea and vomiting.

Electroplating Use: These days, there are three primary types of acid zinc plating baths: straight ammonium chloride, straight potassium chloride and mixed NH4Cl/KCl. Acid zinc plating systems have several advantages over alkaline cyanide and alkaline non-cyanide zinc plating systems except that in acid zinc plating, the electrolyte is extremely corrosive.

Ammonium chloride zinc plating: The ammonium chloride bath is the most forgiving of the three major types of acid zinc plating because of its wide operating parameters. The primary drawback of this system is the high level of ammonia, which can cause problems in wastewater treatment. Ammonia acts as a chelator, and if the rinse waters are not segregated from other waste streams, removal of metals to acceptable levels using standard water treatment practices can be difficult and expensive. Ammonia is also regulated in many communities.

Dry Cell or Batteries: Ammonium chloride is a component of dry cell batteries, little storehouses of energy that power so many of our electrical devices. Batteries permit us to use electricity even when we are far from an electrical point. With battery power we can have music while we jog down the street, light while we camp on a moonless night, and the convenience and accuracy of a pocket calculator.

Galvanizing, Soldering and Tinning Fluxes: Ammonium chloride is used in fluxes for galvanizing, soldering and tinning. Its ability to remove oxides and salts from metal surfaces insures good metal to metal bonding. It has the ability to attack metal oxides. This reaction is relevant to the utility of Ammonium chloride as a flux for soldering - it dissolves oxide coatings exposing the clean metal surface.

The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis.

When a loss of hydrogen ions (H+) occurs and serum chloride (Cl−) decreases, sodium is made available for combination with bicarbonate (HCO3−). This creates an excess of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) which leads to a rise in blood pH and a state of metabolic alkalosis.

The therapeutic effects of Ammonium Chloride depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl−) ions into the extra cellular fluid.

The acidification properties of ammonium chloride are caused by its dissociation into chloride and ammonium ions in vivo. The ammonium cation is converted by the liver to urea with the release of a hydrogen ion. This ion combines with bicarbonate to form water and carbon dioxide. In the extra cellular fluid, chloride ions combine with fixed bases and decrease the alkaline reserves in the body. The net effects are decreased serum bicarbonate levels and a decrease in blood and urine pH.

The excess chloride ions presented to the kidney, are not completely reabsorbed by the tubules and are excreted with cations (principally sodium) and water. This diuretic effect is usually compensated for by the kidneys after a few days of therapy.

The veterinary indications for ammonium chloride are as a urinary acidifying agent to help prevent and dissolve certain types of uroliths (e.g., struvite), to enhance renal excretion of some types of toxins (e.g., strontium) or drugs (e.g., quinidine), or to enhance the efficacy of certain antimicrobials (e.g., chlortetracycline, methenamine mandelate, nitrofurantoin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G or tetracycline) when treating urinary tract infections. Ammonium chloride has also been used intravenously for the rapid correction of metabolic alkalosis.

Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, after dilution in isotonic sodium chloride injection, may be indicated in the treatment of patients with (1) hypochloremic states and (2) metabolic alkalosis.

Ammonium chloride is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic disease as ammonia may accumulate and cause toxicity. In general, it should not be administered to uremic patients as it may intensify the metabolic acidosis already existing in some of these patients. It should not be used alone in patients with severe renal insufficiency and metabolic alkalosis secondary to vomiting hydrochloric acid as sodium depletion can occur. In these cases, sodium chloride repletion with or without ammonium chloride administration should be performed to correct both sodium and chloride deficits. It is contraindicated in patients with urate calculi or respiratory acidosis and high total CO2 and buffer base. It cannot alone correct hypochloremia with secondary metabolic alkalosis due to intracellular potassium chloride depletion. Potassium chloride must be administered to these patients.

Ammonium Chloride should not be administered when metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting of hydrochloric acid is accompanied by loss of sodium (excretion of sodium bicarbonate in the urine).

It is reported to be physically compatible with all commonly used IV replacement fluids and potassium chloride.

It is incompatible with: codeine phosphate, dimenhydrinate, methadone HCl, nitrofurantoin sodium, sulfisoxazole diolamine, and warfarin sodium. It is also reportedly incompatible with alkalis and their hydroxides.

Patients receiving Ammonium Chloride should be constantly observed for symptoms of ammonia toxicity (pallor, sweating, retching, irregular breathing, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, local and general twitching, tonic convulsions and coma).

It should be used with caution in patients with high total CO2 and buffer base secondary to primary respiratory acidosis.

Intravenous administration should be slow to avoid local irritation and toxic effects.

When exposed to low temperatures, concentrated solutions of Ammonium Chloride may crystallize. If crystals are observed, the vial should be warmed to room temperature in a water bath prior to use.

Do not administer unless the solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Ammonium Chloride. It is also not known whether Ammonium Chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Ammonium Chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearlyneeded.

Rapid intravenous administration of Ammonium Chloride may be accompanied by pain or irritation at the site of injection or along the venous route.

Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia (from large volume diluent).

If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

Over dosage of Ammonium Chloride has resulted in a serious degree of metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. Should metabolic acidosis occur following over dosage, the administration of an alkalinizing solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate will serve to correct the acidosis.

Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP is administered intravenously and must be diluted before use. Solutions for intravenous infusion should not exceed a concentration of 1% to 2% of Ammonium Chloride.

Dosage is dependent upon the condition and tolerance of the patient. It is recommended that the contents of one to two vials (100 to 200 me) be added to 500 or 1000 mL of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride injection. The rate of intravenous infusion should not exceed 5 mL per minute in adults (approximately 3 hours for infusion of 1000 mL). Dosage should be monitored by repeated serum bicarbonate determinations.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Health Hazards: For normal industrial uses and with good hygienic practices, there are no known hazards with ammonium chloride. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends an 8-hour TLV®-TWA of 10 mg/m3 ammonium chloride fumes in air to prevent irritation of respiratory passages.
Safety Precautions: Wash thoroughly after handling. The use of impervious or rubber gloves and chemical safety goggles are recommended.
First Aid: In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a physician.
Storage & Handling: Ammonium chloride granular is a dry, crystalline solid and presents no unusual handling problems. It should be stored in a clean, dry place away from strong alkalis or strong oxidants.

Ammonium Chloride BP Grade
Ammonium Chloride USP Grade
Ammonium Chloride Food Grade
Ammonium Chloride manufacturers at:

MUBY CHEMICALS
S-8, SARIFA MANSION, 2ND FLANK ROAD, CHINCHBUNDER, MUMBAI 400009, INDIA
TEL: (OFFICE) 91-22-23770100, 23726950, 23774610, 23723564. FAX: 91-22-23728264

Cell Call to Anmol: +91-9821870100
USA & Canadian Customers may Call 773-829-5811

Exports to USA UAE Europe Africa Tanzania Kenya Egypt Turkey Brazil Chile Argentina Dubai etc.

CHARACTERISTIC	Technical	Pure	Extra Pure
Dry Basis Assay (NH4Cl)	98.5% min	99.% min	99.5% min
Moisture	5% max	1% max	0.5% max
Iron	50	20	5
Sulphate	0.1% max	0.1% max	0.015% max
Residue on Ignition	0.9% max	0.5% max	0.3% max
pH of 2% Solution	4.0-5.5	4.0-5.5	4.0-5.5
Matter insoluble in water	0.1% max	0.01% max	0.005% max
Heavy Metals as Pb	5 ppm max	5 ppm max	1 ppm max
Arsenic	5 ppm max	5 ppm max	1 ppm max

Particulars	USP Specification	Our Typical Product
Dry Basis Assay	99.5-100.5%	99.9%
pH of 5% Solution	4.6-6	5.3
Sulphated Ash	0.1% (residue on ignition)	0.009%
Heavy Metals as Pb	0.001%	Nil
Loss on Drying	0.5% (4 hours on silica gel)	0.1%
Thiocyanate	To pass the test	Passes test

Old Spice: Manufacturing since more than Three Decades:
Ammonium Chloride Manufacturers	Calcium Chloride	Magnesium Chloride	Potassium Chloride
Sodium Acetate	Sodium Diacetate	Sodium Thiosulfate	Zinc Chloride
Best Selling IP BP USP FCC ACS Grades of Chemicals by Anmol Chemicals
Ammonium Chloride	Benzyl Alcohol	Boric Acid	Borax; Sodium Borate
Calcium Chloride	Calcium Hydroxide	Calcium Oxide	Calcium Sulfate
Chromic Chloride	Gentian Violet	Magnesium Chloride	Magnesium Sulfate
Manganese Chloride	Manganese Sulfate	Methylene Blue	Potassium Chloride
Sodium Acetate	Sodium Bicarbonate	Sodium Hydroxide Pellets	Sodium Thiosulfate
Zinc Chloride

Ammonium Chloride Manufacturers; Salammoniac

Ammonium Chloride BP Grade Ammonium Chloride USP Grade Ammonium Chloride Food Grade Ammonium Chloride manufacturers at:

Ammonium Chloride BP Grade
Ammonium Chloride USP Grade
Ammonium Chloride Food Grade
Ammonium Chloride manufacturers at: